How to Write Discussion Section of Literature Review

The word section contains the results and outcomes of a study. An effective discussion informs readers what can be learned from your experiment and provides context for the results.

What makes an effective word?

When you lot're gear up to write your discussion, you've already introduced the purpose of your study and provided an in-depth description of the methodology. The discussion informs readers almost the larger implications of your study based on the results. Highlighting these implications while not overstating the findings can be challenging, particularly when you're submitting to a journal that selects articles based on novelty or potential touch. Regardless of what journal you are submitting to, the give-and-take section always serves the same purpose: concluding what your study results really hateful.

A successful discussion section puts your findings in context. It should include:

1. the results of your inquiry,
2. a give-and-take of related research, and
3. a comparison betwixt your results and initial hypothesis.

Tip: Non all journals share the aforementioned naming conventions.

You lot tin can utilize the advice in this article to the conclusion, results or discussion sections of your manuscript.

Our Early Career Researcher customs tells usa that the conclusion is oft considered the nearly hard aspect of a manuscript to write. To assistance, this guide provides questions to ask yourself, a basic construction to model your discussion off of and examples from published manuscripts.

Questions to ask yourself:

1. Was my hypothesis correct?
2. If my hypothesis is partially correct or entirely different, what can be learned from the results?
3. How do the conclusions reshape or add onto the existing knowledge in the field? What does previous research say near the topic?
4. Why are the results important or relevant to your audition? Do they add farther evidence to a scientific consensus or disprove prior studies?
5. How can futurity inquiry build on these observations? What are the key experiments that must be done?
6. What is the "take-habitation" bulletin you desire your reader to leave with?

How to structure a discussion

Trying to fit a complete word into a single paragraph can add unnecessary stress to the writing process. If possible, you'll want to requite yourself 2 or 3 paragraphs to give the reader a comprehensive agreement of your study as a whole. Here's one fashion to structure an constructive discussion:

Writing Tips

While the above sections can help you brainstorm and structure your discussion, there are many mutual mistakes that writers revert to when having difficulties with their paper. Writing a discussion tin can be a delicate residue between summarizing your results, providing proper context for your research and avoiding introducing new information. Remember that your paper should be both confident and honest near the results!

Do

1. Read the journal's guidelines on the discussion and determination sections. If possible, larn well-nigh the guidelines before writing the discussion to ensure you're writing to meet their expectations.
2. Brainstorm with a clear statement of the principal findings. This will reinforce the principal take-abroad for the reader and prepare the residue of the discussion.
3. Explain why the outcomes of your study are of import to the reader. Discuss the implications of your findings realistically based on previous literature, highlighting both the strengths and limitations of the enquiry.
4. State whether the results prove or disprove your hypothesis. If your hypothesis was disproved, what might be the reasons?
5. Introduce new or expanded ways to remember virtually the research question. Betoken what side by side steps can be taken to further pursue any unresolved questions.
6. If dealing with a contemporary or ongoing problem, such as climatic change, discuss possible consequences if the trouble is avoided.
7. Be curtailed. Calculation unnecessary detail tin distract from the primary findings.

Don't

1. Rewrite your abstract. Statements with "we investigated" or "we studied" generally do not belong in the discussion.
2. Include new arguments or evidence not previously discussed. Necessary information and bear witness should be introduced in the main body of the newspaper.
3. Apologize. Even if your research contains significant limitations, don't undermine your authority by including statements that incertitude your methodology or execution.
4. Shy away from speaking on limitations or negative results. Including limitations and negative results volition give readers a complete understanding of the presented enquiry. Potential limitations include sources of potential bias, threats to internal or external validity, barriers to implementing an intervention and other bug inherent to the study design.
5. Overstate the importance of your findings. Making one thousand statements about how a report will fully resolve large questions can lead readers to doubt the success of the research.

Snippets of Effective Discussions:

1. Summarize the central findings in clear and curtailed linguistic communication
   "The general recommendations for actions to reduce plastic pollution that emerged from the nowadays written report were: (i) refuse non-necessary plastic items, such as straws; (2) reduce dependence on traditionally single-use plastic items (e.g. shampoo bottles), for example past refilling or ownership larger bottles; (3) supervene upon plastic items with reusable and/or culling products with a lower environment impact; (four) correctly dispose of items, such as wet wipes, that may be essential and this impossible to refuse or reuse."

   Consumer-based actions to reduce plastic pollution in rivers: A multi-criteria decision assay arroyo

2. Acknowledge when a hypothesis may be wrong
   "All reported cervix postures attained by alive giraffes in the wild can exist replicated with the virtual skeleton range of motion without disarticulating the cervical vertebrae. Therefore, the cervical range of motion of extinct vertebrates should follow the same criteria until evidence suggests otherwise. Hypothesis (ii) "some cervix postures attained in life require disarticulating vertebrae", can exist refuted." Ontogenetic similarities betwixt giraffe and sauropod neck osteological mobility
3. Place your report within the context of previous studies
   "Our results, consistent with a number of studies of other species suggest that body mass, rather than CIs (condition indices), may be ane of the well-nigh useful measures for linking nutritional changes to population dynamics."

   Identifying reliable indicators of fitness in polar bears

4. Discuss potential future research
   "Our results open up an exciting new artery of study focused on laryngeal variation among further mammalian clades, which will provide the context required to determine how item the differences we observe here are to the evolution of the primate larynx. If the relative flexibility of the primate larynx is robust to future analyses with more clades, information technology would indicate an increased capacity to explore trait space in our lineage, which may in plough explain why primates have developed such diverse and complex uses of the vocal organ." Rapid evolution of the primate larynx?
5. Provide the reader with a "have-abroad" statement to end the manuscript
   "This further reinforces the notion that across being the noon predator of the latest Cretaceous Laurasian ecosystems, the tyrannosaurids were amongst the about achieved hunters amid large bodied theropods. Nosotros find that their anatomy, at once efficient and elegant, yet as well capable of bursts of incredible violence and brute forcefulness, lives up to their monikers equally the tyrant kings and queens, of the dinosaurs." The fast and the frugal: Divergent locomotory strategies drive limb lengthening in theropod dinosaurs

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Source: https://plos.org/resource/how-to-write-conclusions/